Credits and references

Once upon a time

The development of Frog’s modules started in the nineties at the ILK Research Group (Tilburg University, the Netherlands) and the CLiPS Research Centre (University of Antwerp, Belgium). Most modules rely on Timbl, the Tilburg memory-based learning software package :raw-latex:`\cite{timbl}` or MBT the memory-based tagger-generator :raw-latex:`\cite{mbt}`. These modules were integrated into an NLP pipeline that was first named MB-TALPA and later Tadpole :raw-latex:`\cite{Tadpole}`. Over the years, the modules were refined and retrained on larger data sets and the latest versions of each module are discussed in this chapter. We thank all programmers who worked on Frog and its predecessors in chapter [ch-credit].

The CliPS Research Centre also developed an English counterpart of Frog, a python module called MBSP (MBSP website: http://www.clips.ua.ac.be/pages/MBSP).

Credits

If you use Frog for your own work, please cite this reference manual

Frog, A Natural Language Processing Suite for Dutch, Reference guide, Iris Hendrickx, Antal van den Bosch, Maarten van Gompel en Ko van der Sloot, Language and Speech Technology Technical Report Series 16-02, Radboud University Nijmegen, Draft 0.13.1 - June 2016

The following paper describes Tadpole, the predecessor of Frog. It contains a subset of the components described in this paper:

Van den Bosch, A., Busser, G.J., Daelemans, W., and Canisius, S. (2007). An efficient memory-based morphosyntactic tagger and parser for Dutch, In F. van Eynde, P. Dirix, I. Schuurman, and V. Vandeghinste (Eds.), Selected Papers of the 17th Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Meeting, Leuven, Belgium, pp. 99-114

We would like to thank everybody who worked on Frog and its predecessors. Frog, formerly known as Tadpole and before that as MB-TALPA, was coded by Bertjan Busser, Ko van der Sloot, Maarten van Gompel, and Peter Berck, subsuming code by Sander Canisius (constraint satisfaction inference-based dependency parser), Antal van den Bosch (MBMA, MBLEM, tagger-lemmatizer integration), Jakub Zavrel (MBT), and Maarten van Gompel (Ucto). In the context of the CLARIN-NL infrastructure project TTNWW, Frederik Vaassen (CLiPS, Antwerp) created the base phrase chunking module, and Bart Desmet (LT3, Ghent) provided the data for the named-entity module.

Maarten van Gompel designed the FoLiA XML output format that Frog produces, and also wrote a Frog binding for Python [17], as well as a separate Frog client in Python [18]. Wouter van Atteveldt wrote a Frog client in R [19], and Machiel Molenaar wrote a Frog client for Go [20].

The development of Frog relies on earlier work and ideas from Ko van der Sloot (lead programmer of MBT and TiMBL and the TiMBL API), Walter Daelemans, Jakub Zavrel, Peter Berck, Gert Durieux, and Ton Weijters.

The development and improvement of Frog also relies on your bug reports, suggestions, and comments. Use the github issue tracker at https://github.com/LanguageMachines/frog/issues/ or mail lamasoftware @science.ru.nl.

Alpino syntactic dependency labels

This table is taken from Alpino annotation reference manual :raw-latex:`\cite{lassy2011}` :

dependentielabel	OMSCHRIJVING
APP	appositie, bijstelling
BODY	romp (bij complementizer))
CMP	complementizer
CNJ	lid van nevenschikking
CRD	nevenschikker (als hoofd van conjunctie)
DET	determinator
DLINK	discourse-link
DP	discourse-part
HD	hoofd
HDF	afsluitend element van circumpositie
LD	locatief of directioneel complement
ME	maat (duur, gewicht, … ) complement
MOD	bijwoordelijke bepaling
MWP	deel van een multi-word-unit
NUCL	kernzin
OBCOMP	vergelijkingscomplement
OBJ1	direct object, lijdend voorwerp
OBJ2	secundair object (meewerkend, belanghebbend, ondervindend)
PC	voorzetselvoorwerp
POBJ1	voorlopig direct object
PREDC	predicatief complement
PREDM	bepaling van gesteldheid ‘tijdens de handeling’
RHD	hoofd van een relatieve zin
SAT	satelliet; aan- of uitloop
SE	verplicht reflexief object
SU	subject, onderwerp
SUP	voorlopig subject
SVP	scheidbaar deel van werkwoord
TAG	aanhangsel, tussenvoegsel
VC	verbaal complement
WHD	hoofd van een vraagzin

[1]	The source code repository points to the latest development version by default, which may contain experimental features. Stable releases are deliberate snapshots of the source code. It is recommended to grab the latest stable release.

[2]	https://github.com/LanguageMachines/ticcutils

[3]	https://github.com/LanguageMachines/libfolia

[4]	https://languagemachines.github.io/ucto

[5]	https://languagemachines.github.io/timbl

[6]	https://github.com/LanguageMachines/timblserver

[7]	https://languagemachines.github.io/mbt

[8]	B (begin) indicates the begin of the named entity, I (inside) indicates the continuation of a named entity, and O (outside) indicates that something is not a named entity

[9]	https://github.com/proycon/pynlpl, supports both Python 2 and Python 3

[10]	https://github.com/vanatteveldt/frogr/

[11]	https://github.com/Machiel/gorf

[12]	In the current Frog version UTF-16 is not accepted as input in Frog.

[13]	In fact the tokenizer still is used, but in PassThru mode. This allows for conversion to FoLiA XML and sentence detection.

[14]	Versions for Python 3 may be called cython3 on distributions such as Debian or Ubuntu

[15]	More about the INI file format:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file)

[16]	MBT available at http://languagemachines.github.io/mbt/

[17]	https://github.com/proycon/python-frog

[18]	Part of PyNLPL: https://github.com/proycon/pynlpl

[19]	https://github.com/vanatteveldt/frogr/

[20]	https://github.com/Machiel/gorf